# Makefile for building Arduino sketches with Arduino 1.0. # # Makefile-arduino v0.8 by Akkana Peck # Adapted from a long-ago Arduino 0011 Makefile by mellis, eighthave, oli.keller # using contributions from Santiago Reig, Pascal de Bruijn, # and Bernard Pratz # # This Makefile allows you to build sketches from the command line # without the Arduino environment (or Java). # # Detailed instructions for using this Makefile: # # 1. Copy this file into the folder with your sketch. # There should be a file with the extension .ino (e.g. blink.ino). # cd into this directory. Be sure your the filename and .ino file # have the same name, e.g. blink/blink.ino. # # 2. Modify the line containg "ARDUINO_DIR" to point to the directory that # contains the Arduino installation (for example, under Mac OS X, this # might be /Applications/arduino-1.0). If it's in your home directory, # you can include $(HOME) as part of the path. # # 3. Set MODEL to your Arduino model. # Tested so far on uno, atmega328 (several variants), diecimila and mega, # but there are lots of other options: # Use the "make list" command to know all the available models # # If you want to compile against ATTiny, see ATTINY_DIR below. # # If needed, you can override MODEL on the command line, e.g. # MODEL=atmega328 make upload # You can also override PORT. # # 4. Run "make" to compile/verify your program. # # 5. Run "make download" (and reset your Arduino if it requires it) # to download your program to the Arduino. # If you prefer typing "make upload", you can do that too. # # Nota Bene: # if reset does not work, try adding RESET_MODE='python' or RESET_MODE='perl' # to your environment or on the command line. # * Perl version needs libdevice-serialport-perl # * Python version needs python-serial ############################################################################ # Project's settings ############################################################################ VERSION = 0.1 # Standard Arduino libraries it will import, e.g. LiquidCrystal: ARDLIBS = # Local user-specified libraries (in ~/sketchbook/libraries/): USERLIBS = # Arduino model: # You can set this to be a string, such as uno, atmega328, diecimila and mega, #MODEL ?= uno # Or you can set it to a conditional like this one: this will use an Uno # if /dev/ttyACM0 is present, otherwise revert to atmega328. MODEL ?= $(shell if test -e /dev/ttyACM0; then echo uno; else echo atmega328; fi) ############################################################################ # Platform's settings ############################################################################ # Determine operating system environment ifneq "$(wildcard C:/Windows/)" "" UNAME=Windows else UNAME=$(shell uname) endif # Name of the program and source .ino file: ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Windows" TARGET = $(shell for %i in $(PWD) do @echo %~nxi) # XXX needs to be tested else TARGET = $(shell basename $(PWD)) endif # Where do you keep the official Arduino software package? ARDUINO_DIR = /usr/local/share/arduino HOME_LIB = $(HOME)/sketchbook/libraries # path to ATTiny files look at http://hlt.media.mit.edu/?p=1695 #ATTINY_DIR=$(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/attiny45_85 ############################################################################ # Below here nothing should need to be changed. Cross your fingers! ############################################################################ # Where are tools like avr-gcc located on your system? ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Windows" AVR_TOOLS_PATH = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin #XXX needs to be checked ! else ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Darwin" AVR_TOOLS_PATH = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin else AVR_TOOLS_PATH = /usr/bin endif endif ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Windows" PORT ?= COM1 #XXX needs to be checked ! else ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Darwin" ifeq "$(MODEL)" "uno" PORT ?= /dev/tty.usbmodem* else PORT ?= /dev/tty.usbserial* endif else ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Linux" ifeq "$(MODEL)" "uno" PORT ?= /dev/ttyACM* else PORT ?= /dev/ttyUSB* endif endif endif endif # How to reset the device before downloading a new program. # These don't always work; if the default one doesn't work, # try uncommenting one of the others instead. ifeq "$(RESET_MODE)" "python" RESET_DEVICE = python -c "import serial; s = serial.SERIAL('/dev/ttyUSB0', 57600); s.setDTR(True); sleep(1); s.setDTR(False)" else ifeq "$(RESET_MODE)" "perl" RESET_DEVICE = perl -MDevice::SerialPort -e 'Device::SerialPort->new("/dev/ttyUSB0")->pulse_dtr_on(1000)' else ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Windows" RESET_DEVICE = echo "CAN'T RESET DEVICE ON WINDOWS !" else ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Linux" RESET_DEVICE = stty -F $(PORT) hupcl else # BSD uses small f RESET_DEVICE = stty -f $(PORT) hupcl endif endif endif endif # # set up attiny boards.txt path # ifeq "$(wildcard $(ATTINY_DIR))" "" ATTINY_BOARDS= else ATTINY_BOARDS=$(ATTINY_DIR)/boards.txt endif # # Set up values according to what the IDE uses: # DOWNLOAD_RATE = $(shell grep "^$(MODEL)\." $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt $(ATTINY_BOARDS) | grep upload.speed | sed 's/.*=//') MCU = $(shell grep "^$(MODEL)\." $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt $(ATTINY_BOARDS) | grep build.mcu | sed 's/.*=//') F_CPU = $(shell grep "^$(MODEL)\." $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt $(ATTINY_BOARDS) | grep build.f_cpu | sed 's/.*=//') # man avrdude says to use arduino, but the IDE mostly uses stk500. # One rumor says that the difference is that arduino does an auto-reset, # stk500 doesn't. # Might want to grep for upload.protocol as with previous 3 values. AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = arduino # This has only been tested on standard variants. I'm guessing # at what mega and micro might need; other possibilities are # leonardo and "eightanaloginputs". ifeq "$(MODEL)" "mega" ARDUINO_VARIANT=$(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/mega else ifeq "$(MODEL)" "micro" ARDUINO_VARIANT=$(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/micro else ifneq (,$(findstring "tiny",$(MODEL))) ARDUINO_VARIANT=$(ATTINY_DIR)/cores/attiny45_85 else ARDUINO_VARIANT=$(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/standard endif endif endif ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Windows" CWDBASE = $(shell for %i in $(PWD) do @echo %~nxi) # XXX needs to be tested else CWDBASE = $(shell basename $(PWD)) endif TARFILE = $(TARGET)-$(VERSION).tar.gz ARDUINO_CORE = $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino # $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/standard/pins_arduino.c SRC = \ $(ARDUINO_CORE)/wiring.c \ $(ARDUINO_CORE)/wiring_analog.c $(ARDUINO_CORE)/wiring_digital.c \ $(ARDUINO_CORE)/wiring_pulse.c \ $(ARDUINO_CORE)/wiring_shift.c $(ARDUINO_CORE)/WInterrupts.c \ $(foreach l,$(USERLIBS),$(wildcard $(HOME)/sketchbook/libraries/$l/*.c)) \ $(foreach l,$(ARDLIBS),$(wildcard $(ARDUINO_DIR)/libraries/$l/*.c)) # From ARDUINO_CORE we may only need HardwareSerial, WMath, WString, Print # and occasionally Tone, but grab everything just in case. CXXSRC = \ $(wildcard $(ARDUINO_CORE)/*.cpp) \ $(foreach l,$(USERLIBS),$(wildcard $(HOME)/sketchbook/libraries/$l/*.cpp)) \ $(foreach l,$(ARDLIBS),$(wildcard $(ARDUINO_DIR)/libraries/$l/*.cpp)) FORMAT = ihex # Name of this Makefile (used for "make depend"). MAKEFILE = Makefile # Debugging format. # Native formats for AVR-GCC's -g are stabs [default], or dwarf-2. # AVR (extended) COFF requires stabs, plus an avr-objcopy run. DEBUG = stabs OPT = s # Place -D or -U options here CDEFS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) # Include directories CINCS = -I$(ARDUINO_CORE) -I$(ARDUINO_VARIANT) $(patsubst %,-I$(ARDUINO_DIR)/libraries/%,$(ARDLIBS)) $(patsubst %,-I$(HOME)/sketchbook/libraries/%,$(USERLIBS)) $(patsubst %,-I$(HOME_LIB)/%/,$(USERLIBS)) # Compiler flag to set the C Standard level. # c89 - "ANSI" C # gnu89 - c89 plus GCC extensions # c99 - ISO C99 standard (not yet fully implemented) # gnu99 - c99 plus GCC extensions #CSTANDARD = -std=gnu99 CDEBUG = -g$(DEBUG) #CWARN = -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes CTUNING = -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums #CEXTRA = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.c=.lst) # Extra flags to match what the Arduino 1.0 IDE is doing: # Something about the -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections reduces # final text size by roughly half! CEXTRA= -g -Os -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -DARDUINO=100 CFLAGS = $(CDEBUG) $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) -O$(OPT) $(CWARN) $(CSTANDARD) $(CEXTRA) CXXFLAGS = $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) -O$(OPT) $(CEXTRA) #ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.S=.lst),-gstabs LDFLAGS = -Os -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=$(MCU) -lm # Programming support using avrdude. Settings and variables. AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:applet/$(TARGET).hex ifeq "$(UNAME)" "Darwin" AVRDUDE_CONF = -V -F -C $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf else AVRDUDE_CONF = -V -F -C /etc/avrdude.conf endif AVRDUDE_FLAGS = $(AVRDUDE_CONF) \ -p $(MCU) -P $(PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER) \ -b $(DOWNLOAD_RATE) # Program settings CC = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-gcc CXX = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-g++ OBJCOPY = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-objcopy OBJDUMP = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-objdump AR = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-ar SIZE = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-size NM = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avr-nm AVRDUDE = $(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)/avrdude REMOVE = rm -f MV = mv -f # Define all object files. OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.o) $(ASRC:.S=.o) # Define all listing files. LST = $(ASRC:.S=.lst) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.lst) $(SRC:.c=.lst) # Combine all necessary flags and optional flags. # Add target processor to flags. ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS) ALL_CXXFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CXXFLAGS) ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS) # Default target. all: applet_files build sizeafter test: @echo CXXSRC = $(CXXSRC) build: elf hex #applet_files: $(TARGET).ino applet/$(TARGET).cpp: $(TARGET).ino # Here is the "preprocessing". # It creates a .cpp file based with the same name as the .ino file. # On top of the new .cpp file comes the WProgram.h header. # At the end there is a generic main() function attached, # plus special magic to get around the pure virtual error # undefined reference to `__cxa_pure_virtual' from Print.o. # Then the .cpp file will be compiled. Errors during compile will # refer to this new, automatically generated, file. # Not the original .ino file you actually edit... test -d applet || mkdir applet echo '#include "Arduino.h"' > applet/$(TARGET).cpp cat $(TARGET).ino >> applet/$(TARGET).cpp echo 'extern "C" void __cxa_pure_virtual() { while (1) ; }' >> applet/$(TARGET).cpp cat $(ARDUINO_CORE)/main.cpp >> applet/$(TARGET).cpp elf: applet/$(TARGET).elf hex: applet/$(TARGET).hex eep: applet/$(TARGET).eep lss: applet/$(TARGET).lss sym: applet/$(TARGET).sym # Program the device. download: applet/$(TARGET).hex $(RESET_DEVICE) $(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) upload: download # Display size of file. HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) applet/$(TARGET).hex ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) applet/$(TARGET).elf sizebefore: @if [ -f applet/$(TARGET).elf ]; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(HEXSIZE); echo; fi sizeafter: @if [ -f applet/$(TARGET).elf ]; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(HEXSIZE); echo; fi # Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in AVR Studio or VMLAB. COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \ --change-section-address .data-0x800000 \ --change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \ --change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \ --change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000 coff: applet/$(TARGET).elf $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr applet/$(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).cof extcoff: $(TARGET).elf $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr applet/$(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).cof .SUFFIXES: .elf .hex .eep .lss .sym .elf.hex: $(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@ .elf.eep: -$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \ --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@ # Create extended listing file from ELF output file. .elf.lss: $(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@ # Create a symbol table from ELF output file. .elf.sym: $(NM) -n $< > $@ # Link: create ELF output file from library. applet/$(TARGET).elf: applet/$(TARGET).o applet/core.a $(CC) -o $@ applet/$(TARGET).o -L. applet/core.a $(LDFLAGS) #applet/$(TARGET).elf: applet/$(TARGET).o applet/core.a # $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) -o $@ applet/$(TARGET).cpp -L. applet/core.a $(LDFLAGS) applet/core.a: $(OBJ) @for i in $(OBJ); do echo $(AR) rcs applet/core.a $$i; $(AR) rcs applet/core.a $$i; done # Compile: create object files from C++ source files. .cpp.o: $(CXX) -c $(ALL_CXXFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Compile: create object files from C source files. .c.o: $(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Compile: create assembler files from C source files. .c.s: $(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Assemble: create object files from assembler source files. .S.o: $(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@ # Target: clean project. clean: $(REMOVE) -rf applet/ \ $(REMOVE) $(OBJ) $(LST) $(SRC:.c=.s) $(SRC:.c=.d) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.s) $(CXXSRC:.cpp=.d) list: # LIST OF ALL THE BOARDS AVAILABLE AS TARGETS FOR $$MODEL ENV VARIABLE @cat $(ARDUINO_DIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt $(ATTINY_BOARDS) | grep '.name' | sed 's/\(.*\)\.name=\(.*\)/MODEL=\1 -> \2/' tar: $(TARFILE) $(TARFILE): ( cd .. && \ tar czvf $(TARFILE) --exclude=applet --owner=root $(CWDBASE) && \ mv $(TARFILE) $(CWD) && \ echo Created $(TARFILE) \ ) depend: if grep '^# DO NOT DELETE' $(MAKEFILE) >/dev/null; \ then \ sed -e '/^# DO NOT DELETE/,$$d' $(MAKEFILE) > \ $(MAKEFILE).$$$$ && \ $(MV) $(MAKEFILE).$$$$ $(MAKEFILE); \ fi echo '# DO NOT DELETE THIS LINE -- make depend depends on it.' \ >> $(MAKEFILE); \ $(CC) -M -mmcu=$(MCU) $(CDEFS) $(CINCS) $(SRC) $(ASRC) >> $(MAKEFILE) .PHONY: all build elf hex eep lss sym program coff extcoff clean depend applet_files sizebefore sizeafter